Harmonisasi Legislasi Nasional dengan BBNJ Agreement 2023: Kesenjangan Normatif dan Arah Penyesuaiannya

Abstract

ABSTRAK
Indonesia mengesahkan Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction, melalui Peraturan Presiden Nomor 67 Tahun 2025. Artikel ini mengidentifikasi ketidaksesuaian antara peraturan perundang-undangan Indonesia dan kewajiban dalam empat pilar perjanjian, yaitu Marine Genetic Resources (MGRs) beserta pembagian manfaatnya, Area-Based Management Tools (ABMTs), Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), serta Capacity-Building and Transfer of Marine Technology (CB&TMT), menganalisis penyebabnya, dan merumuskan arah penyesuaian legislasi. Metode yang digunakan ialah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan komparatif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan empat ketidaksesuaian: belum adanya pengaturan notifikasi dan pembagian manfaat MGRs di Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ), prosedur nasional ABMTs, notifikasi dan konsultasi lintas batas dalam Analisis Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan Hidup (AMDAL) dan mekanisme akses CB&TMT. Keempatnya bersumber dari orientasi teritorial hukum nasional. Artikel ini merekomendasikan penyesuaian bertahap yang dimulai dari mekanisme koordinasi kelembagaan nasional, dilanjutkan dengan penyesuaian undang-undang dan peraturan pelaksananya.
Kata kunci: BBNJ agreement; harmonisasi legislasi; kesenjangan normatif; legislasi nasional.

ABSTRACT
Indonesia ratified the Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction through Presidential Regulation Number 67 of 2025. This article identifies the non-conformity between Indonesian legislation and the obligations arising under the four pillars of the Agreement, namely Marine Genetic Resources (MGRs) and the sharing of benefits, Area-Based Management Tools (ABMTs), Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), and Capacity-Building and Transfer of Marine Technology (CB&TMT); analyzes the underlying causes; and formulates directions for legislative adjustment. The research employs a normative legal methodology with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The findings indicate four areas of non-conformity: the absence of provisions on notification and benefit-sharing of MGRs in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ), national procedures for ABMTs, transboundary notification and consultation in the Environmental Impact Analysis (AMDAL), and mechanisms for accessing CB&TMT. These are rooted in the territorial orientation of national law. The article recommends a gradual adjustment commencing with a national inter-institutional coordination mechanism, followed by the harmonization of statutes and implementing regulations.
Keywords: BBNJ agreement; legislative harmonization; normative gap;  national legislation.