Kepastian Hukum Pelaksanaan Restorative Justice pada Tindak Pidana Lingkungan Hidup

Abstract

ABSTRAK
Tindak pidana lingkungan hidup tidak hanya menimbulkan kerusakan ekologis, tetapi juga berdampak pada hak masyarakat atas lingkungan hidup yang baik dan sehat. Penegakan hukum lingkungan di Indonesia masih didominasi oleh pendekatan litigasi yang berorientasi pada pemidanaan pelaku, sehingga belum sepenuhnya mampu menjamin pemulihan lingkungan secara efektif. Dalam perkembangannya, restorative justice menawarkan pendekatan yang menekankan pemulihan kerugian, keterlibatan para pihak, dan tanggung jawab pelaku untuk memulihkan dampak yang ditimbulkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pelaksanaan restorative justice dalam tindak pidana lingkungan hidup serta mengkaji kepastian hukumnya dalam sistem hukum Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan (statute approach). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa restorative justice memiliki relevansi dalam penyelesaian tindak pidana lingkungan hidup melalui mekanisme restorative conferencing yang melibatkan pelaku, masyarakat, pemerintah, dan pihak terkait dalam upaya pemulihan lingkungan. Namun, penerapannya masih menghadapi kendala yuridis karena Pasal 85 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 membatasi penyelesaian di luar pengadilan dalam perkara lingkungan hidup. Oleh karena itu, pelaksanaan restorative justice dalam tindak pidana lingkungan hidup belum memiliki kepastian hukum yang memadai, sehingga diperlukan penguatan regulasi untuk mengintegrasikan pemulihan lingkungan dan penegakan hukum pidana guna mewujudkan perlindungan lingkungan hidup yang berkelanjutan.
Kata kunci: kepastian hukum; pidana lingkungan hidup; restorative justice.

ABSTRACT
Environmental crimes not only cause ecological damage but also impact the public’s right to a clean and healthy environment. Environmental law enforcement in Indonesia is still dominated by a litigation-based approach focused on punishing offenders, and thus has not yet been fully able to ensure effective environmental restoration. In its development, restorative justice offers an approach that emphasizes the restoration of losses, the involvement of all parties, and the perpetrator’s responsibility to restore the impacts caused. This article aims to analyze the implementation of restorative justice in environmental crimes and to examine its legal certainty within the Indonesian legal system. In its development, restorative justice offers an approach that emphasizes the restoration of losses, the involvement of all parties, and the perpetrator’s responsibility to restore the impacts caused. This article aims to analyze the implementation of restorative justice in environmental crimes and to examine its legal certainty within the Indonesian legal system. This study employs a normative legal method using a statute approach. The findings indicate that restorative justice holds relevance in resolving environmental crimes through the mechanism of restorative conferencing, which involves offenders, the community, the government, and relevant parties in environmental restoration efforts. However, its implementation still faces legal obstacles because Article 85(2) of Law No. 32 of 2009 restricts out-of-court settlements in environmental cases. Therefore, the implementation of restorative justice in environmental crimes does not yet have sufficient legal certainty, making it necessary to strengthen regulations to integrate environmental restoration and criminal law enforcement in order to achieve sustainable environmental protection.
Keywords: environmental crimes; legal certainty; restorative justice.