Carbon Capture Storage di Indonesia dalam Perspektif Komitmen Global dan Asas Kehati-hatian

Abstract

ABSTRAK
Pengaturan Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) di Indonesia saat ini didasarkan pada Peraturan Presiden Nomor 14 Tahun 2024. Namun, kedudukan regulasi yang hanya setingkat perpres tanpa delegasi eksplisit dari undang-undang menciptakan kerentanan hukum, terutama dalam melegitimasi penerapan prinsip kehati-hatian (precautionary principle) di tengah risiko lingkungan geologis jangka panjang. Ketidakjelasan hierarki ini berpotensi memicu disharmoni dengan rezim perlindungan lingkungan hidup jika terjadi kegagalan penyimpanan. Penelitian hukum normatif ini bertujuan menganalisis konsistensi instrumen hukum tersebut terhadap kerangka regulasi lingkungan melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan dan analisis yuridis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun secara konseptual kebijakan ini selaras dengan komitmen iklim global, implementasinya terbentur larangan importasi limbah dalam Pasal 69 UU PPLH jika karbon dikategorikan sebagai limbah lintas batas. Terkait prinsip kehati-hatian, risiko CCS dinilai telah teridentifikasi dan terukur sehingga tidak memenuhi kriteria ketidakpastian ilmiah yang signifikan menurut Prinsip 15 Deklarasi Rio. Kendati demikian, mitigasi risiko tetap menuntut pengawasan ketat dan sistem pemantauan berkelanjutan demi menjamin keamanan ekologis.
Kata kunci: carbon capture and storage; karbon; mitigasi perubahan iklim; pemanasan global; protokol kyoto.

ABSTRACT
The regulation of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) in Indonesia is currently governed by Presidential Regulation Number 14 of 2024. However, the regulatory standing of a Presidential Regulation lacking explicit delegation from higher-level legislation creates legal vulnerability, particularly in legitimizing the application of the precautionary principle amidst long-term geological environmental risks. This hierarchical ambiguity potentially triggers disharmony with the environmental protection regime in the event of storage failure. This normative legal research aims to analyze the consistency of this legal instrument within the environmental regulatory framework through a statutory approach and qualitative legal analysis. The results indicate that while the policy is conceptually aligned with global climate commitments, its implementation is hindered by the prohibition of waste importation under Article 69 of the Environmental Protection and Management Law (UU PPLH), should carbon be categorized as transboundary waste. Regarding the precautionary principle, CCS risks are deemed identified and measurable, thus not meeting the criteria for significant scientific uncertainty as stipulated by Principle 15 of the Rio Declaration. Nevertheless, risk mitigation continues to demand strict oversight and continuous monitoring systems to ensure ecological safety.
Keywords: carbon capture and storage; carbon; climate change mitigation; global warming; kyoto protocol.