Tantangan dan Strategi Hukum Indonesia dalam Mengatasi Illegal Wildlife Trade Spesies Hiu dan Pari

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Indonesia merupakan salah satu episentrum biodiversitas laut dunia, menjadi habitat bagi sekitar 20% keragaman spesies hiu dan pari secara global. Namun, di lain sisi kedua spesies ini terancam serius akibat eksploitasi berlebihan dan illegal wildlife trade, meskipun Indonesia telah meratifikasi Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) melalui Keppres No. 43 Tahun 1978. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kerangka hukum perlindungan spesies hiu dan pari di Indonesia serta mengidentifikasi tantangan implementasi CITES beserta strategi penanggulangannya yang berprinsip pada legality, sustainability, dan traceability. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan signifikan antara norma hukum dan implementasinya di lapangan yang bersumber dari tumpang tindih kewenangan kelembagaan, keterbatasan kapasitas sumber daya manusia, dan lemahnya pengawasan perdagangan lintas batas. Sebagai respons, artikel ini menawarkan strategi adaptif yang meliputi harmonisasi regulasi, penguatan kelembagaan, peningkatan kapasitas teknologi dan SDM, serta intensifikasi kerja sama internasional.

Kata kunci: convention on international trade in endangered species; hiu dan pari; illegal wildlife trade.

ABSTRACT

Indonesia is one of the epicenters of global marine biodiversity, home to approximately 20% of the diversity of shark and ray species. However, these two species are seriously threatened by overexploitation and the illegal wildlife trade, even though Indonesia has ratified the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) under Presidential Decree No. 43 of 1978. This article analyzes the legal framework for the protection of shark and ray species in Indonesia, and it identifies the challenges of CITES implementation, along with countermeasures, with respect to legality, sustainability, and traceability. This study uses a normative juridical method with a legislative and conceptual approach. The results of the study show a significant gap between legal norms and their implementation in practice, stemming from overlapping institutional authority, limited human resource capacity, and weak supervision of cross-border trade. In response, this article offers adaptive strategies, including regulatory harmonization, institutional strengthening, technological and human-resource capacity building, and intensification of international cooperation.

Keywords: convention on international trade in endangered species; illegal wildlife trade; sharks and rays.